For the pig lab practical, be able to identify and know the function of the following (for blood vessels- identify where the vessel carries blood from and where the blood goes next)
Lungs - place where exchange of gases occurs (the lungs take carbon dioxide and exchanges it with oxygen)
Larynx - controls volume and pitch of your voice
Epiglottis - a cardiac flap that helps to direct food into the esophagus and stops it from going into the trachea
Thymus gland - helps develop the immune system (helps in the processing and maturation of lymphocytes)
Hard palate - works withh the tongue to keep food in place while chewing; works with the tongue to create certain sounds
Soft palate - prevents food from entering the nasal cavatiy when you're chewing or swallowing
Thyroid gland - produces thyroid hormones and regulates metabolism
Trachea - conducts air from between larynx and primary bronchi, windpipe, where air travels from the pharnyx out the mouth our nose and from the pharnyx and through the trachea into the lungs
Heart - pumps oxygenated blood to the body other than the lungs and pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Atria rt. and lt. - right atrium carries blood from pulmonary veins to right ventricle while the left atrium carries blood from the left ventricle to the aorta
Ventricles rt. and lt. - right ventricle pumps blood into the lungs through the pulmonary arteries while the left ventricle pumps blood to rest of the body except for the lungs through the aorta and descending aorta
Pericardial membrane - tough saclike membrane that surrounds the heart
Coronary arteries and veins - provides blood to the heart so the heart can function, splits left and right ventricles
Pulmonary trunk, arteries and veins - A large vein that runs from the right ventricle through the heart and supplies blood to the lungs.
Aorta- large blood vessel that is used to transport oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to all parts of the body except the lungs
Ductus arteriosus - embryonic vessel which shunts blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta
Superior & inferior vena cava - superior: large vein which returns the deoxygenated blood to the heart from the arms and legs. inferior: large vein which returns deoxygenated blood to the heart from the lower body
Common carotid - supplies oxygenated blood to the head and neck
Jugular Veins - carries deoxygenated blood from body tissues back to the heart, very important to protect
Diaphragm- separates the thoracic and the abdominal cavity, moves up and down with breathing to allow for better intake of air
Esophagus- moves food to stomach from mouth, muscles retract and expand in order for the food to be pushed down using peristalsis,
Stomach- digests food, uses specific enzymes and acids to kill bacteria found in food, it turns which continues mechanical digestion.
Pyloric sphincter - allows food to pass from the stomach into the small intestines for further digestion
Duodenum - the first section of the small intestine; helps breakdown food using enzymes
Small intestine - found in abdominal cavity, basic function is to digest food and get the nutrients from it, large surface area to absorb water. Food is absorbed into small intestine
Large intestine - found in abdominal cavity, basic function is to collect undigested objects, (excess food, undigested food, excess liquds) and basically just releases it as a waste product. Sucks the water out of poop so so it can stick together.
Cecum - aids in digesting plants in the small intestine, found in animals and is equivalent to appendix in humans
Gallbladder - stores and concentrates bile and when needed releases bile into the small intestines which breaks down fats. Small ball located between the liver and the stomach.
Liver - filters toxins, creates bile, bile is created in order to break down fats. Very large in the pigs.
Pancreas - found in the lower part of the stomach , produces digestive enzymes (exocrine) and produces hormones (endocrine) that assist in the metabolism of sugar,
Spleen - part of immune system that stores and releases red blood cells into the blood stream, filters out and recycles old red blood cells from circulations and aids in the development of white blood cells, and stores a reservoir of blood to be used for emergency
Rectum - keep the intestine sealed shut, temporary storage site for feces.
Kidney- processes bodily fluids, makes urine, regulates water fluid levels
Renal artery & vein - brings blood to and from kidneys
Urinary bladder- holds urine. It is located in the pelvis, stores urine, and contracts to expel the urine from the body.
Umbilical artery & vein - brings blood to and from the umbilical cord
Ureter - takes urine to the bladder, goes from kidney to bladder. There are normally two kidneys so there are accordingly two ureters under normal circumstances, one ureter coming from each kidney conveying urine to the bladder.
Urethra - The transport tube leading from the bladder to discharge urine outside the body.
Uterus this is where eggs develop. Helps keep the bladder in place.
Vagina - receives sperm from the penis and where the baby come out of during childbirth, the egg which the sperm gets to is mixed with dna of the sperm
Ovaries- where ovum are stored/produced. The ovary is one of a pair of reproductive glands in women. They are located in the pelvis, one on each side of the uterus. Each ovary is about the size and shape of an almond.
Fallopian tubes - a tube-like structure that moves eggs from the ovaries to the uterus.
Scrotal sac - protects testes and regulates their temperature
Testis gamete-producing organs of the male reproductive system. The testis produce sperm.
Penis- an external reproductive organ in males,
Vas (ductus) deferens - transports sperm.
Seminal vesicles- Secretes a significant proportion of the fluid that makes up semen.
Epididymis - coiled tube on each testis where sperm complete their development; basically stores sperm and secretes it to the duct in ejaculation
Bulbourethral gland- located to the side and behind of the urethra. It discharges seminal fluid into the urethra.
Cerebrum - the anterior portion of the brain where higher brain functions occur; controls thought, memory and the senses
Cerebellum - a posterior portion of the brain that controls movement and muscle coordination
Brainstem - the region of the brain that lies posterior to the cerebrum and that connects the cereburm to the spinal cord; controls senses including attention, arousal, and consciousness, sends signals that control movement
Male and female- in order to tell a defference in the pig there is a little thing near the tail that is onlt on females. male pigs have a scrotum towards it legs
Lungs - place where exchange of gases occurs (the lungs take carbon dioxide and exchanges it with oxygen)
Larynx - controls volume and pitch of your voice
Epiglottis - a cardiac flap that helps to direct food into the esophagus and stops it from going into the trachea
Thymus gland - helps develop the immune system (helps in the processing and maturation of lymphocytes)
Hard palate - works withh the tongue to keep food in place while chewing; works with the tongue to create certain sounds
Soft palate - prevents food from entering the nasal cavatiy when you're chewing or swallowing
Thyroid gland - produces thyroid hormones and regulates metabolism
Trachea - conducts air from between larynx and primary bronchi, windpipe, where air travels from the pharnyx out the mouth our nose and from the pharnyx and through the trachea into the lungs
Heart - pumps oxygenated blood to the body other than the lungs and pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Atria rt. and lt. - right atrium carries blood from pulmonary veins to right ventricle while the left atrium carries blood from the left ventricle to the aorta
Ventricles rt. and lt. - right ventricle pumps blood into the lungs through the pulmonary arteries while the left ventricle pumps blood to rest of the body except for the lungs through the aorta and descending aorta
Pericardial membrane - tough saclike membrane that surrounds the heart
Coronary arteries and veins - provides blood to the heart so the heart can function, splits left and right ventricles
Pulmonary trunk, arteries and veins - A large vein that runs from the right ventricle through the heart and supplies blood to the lungs.
Aorta- large blood vessel that is used to transport oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to all parts of the body except the lungs
Ductus arteriosus - embryonic vessel which shunts blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta
Superior & inferior vena cava - superior: large vein which returns the deoxygenated blood to the heart from the arms and legs. inferior: large vein which returns deoxygenated blood to the heart from the lower body
Common carotid - supplies oxygenated blood to the head and neck
Jugular Veins - carries deoxygenated blood from body tissues back to the heart, very important to protect
Diaphragm- separates the thoracic and the abdominal cavity, moves up and down with breathing to allow for better intake of air
Esophagus- moves food to stomach from mouth, muscles retract and expand in order for the food to be pushed down using peristalsis,
Stomach- digests food, uses specific enzymes and acids to kill bacteria found in food, it turns which continues mechanical digestion.
Pyloric sphincter - allows food to pass from the stomach into the small intestines for further digestion
Duodenum - the first section of the small intestine; helps breakdown food using enzymes
Small intestine - found in abdominal cavity, basic function is to digest food and get the nutrients from it, large surface area to absorb water. Food is absorbed into small intestine
Large intestine - found in abdominal cavity, basic function is to collect undigested objects, (excess food, undigested food, excess liquds) and basically just releases it as a waste product. Sucks the water out of poop so so it can stick together.
Cecum - aids in digesting plants in the small intestine, found in animals and is equivalent to appendix in humans
Gallbladder - stores and concentrates bile and when needed releases bile into the small intestines which breaks down fats. Small ball located between the liver and the stomach.
Liver - filters toxins, creates bile, bile is created in order to break down fats. Very large in the pigs.
Pancreas - found in the lower part of the stomach , produces digestive enzymes (exocrine) and produces hormones (endocrine) that assist in the metabolism of sugar,
Spleen - part of immune system that stores and releases red blood cells into the blood stream, filters out and recycles old red blood cells from circulations and aids in the development of white blood cells, and stores a reservoir of blood to be used for emergency
Rectum - keep the intestine sealed shut, temporary storage site for feces.
Kidney- processes bodily fluids, makes urine, regulates water fluid levels
Renal artery & vein - brings blood to and from kidneys
Urinary bladder- holds urine. It is located in the pelvis, stores urine, and contracts to expel the urine from the body.
Umbilical artery & vein - brings blood to and from the umbilical cord
Ureter - takes urine to the bladder, goes from kidney to bladder. There are normally two kidneys so there are accordingly two ureters under normal circumstances, one ureter coming from each kidney conveying urine to the bladder.
Urethra - The transport tube leading from the bladder to discharge urine outside the body.
Uterus this is where eggs develop. Helps keep the bladder in place.
Vagina - receives sperm from the penis and where the baby come out of during childbirth, the egg which the sperm gets to is mixed with dna of the sperm
Ovaries- where ovum are stored/produced. The ovary is one of a pair of reproductive glands in women. They are located in the pelvis, one on each side of the uterus. Each ovary is about the size and shape of an almond.
Fallopian tubes - a tube-like structure that moves eggs from the ovaries to the uterus.
Scrotal sac - protects testes and regulates their temperature
Testis gamete-producing organs of the male reproductive system. The testis produce sperm.
Penis- an external reproductive organ in males,
Vas (ductus) deferens - transports sperm.
Seminal vesicles- Secretes a significant proportion of the fluid that makes up semen.
Epididymis - coiled tube on each testis where sperm complete their development; basically stores sperm and secretes it to the duct in ejaculation
Bulbourethral gland- located to the side and behind of the urethra. It discharges seminal fluid into the urethra.
Cerebrum - the anterior portion of the brain where higher brain functions occur; controls thought, memory and the senses
Cerebellum - a posterior portion of the brain that controls movement and muscle coordination
Brainstem - the region of the brain that lies posterior to the cerebrum and that connects the cereburm to the spinal cord; controls senses including attention, arousal, and consciousness, sends signals that control movement
Male and female- in order to tell a defference in the pig there is a little thing near the tail that is onlt on females. male pigs have a scrotum towards it legs