First Semester Review

BIOLOGY 1, SEMESTER 1 REVIEW SHEET

Chapter 1
1-2
organism
biology
unicellular organism
multicellular organism
differentiation
homeostasis
reproduction
DNA
gene
sexual reproduction
asexual reproduction
evolution
natural selection
ecology
ecosystem
photosynthesis
autotroph
heterotroph
characteristics of living things

Chapter 2
2-1
atom
atomic mass
nucleus
proton
neutron
atomic number
electron
energy levels
compound
chemical reaction
bond
covalent bond
molecule
ion
ionic bond

Chapter 3
3-1
water, properties of
polarity
hydrogen bond
cohesion
adhesion
capillarity
temperature moderation
freezing (of water)
specific heat

3-2
organic compounds
functional groups
alcohol
monomers
polymers
macromolecules
condensation reaction (dehydration synthesis)
hydrolysis
ATP (adenosine triphoshate)

3-3
carbohydrate
monosaccharide
isomer
disaccharide
polysaccharide
protein
amino acid
amino group
carboxyl group
dipeptide
peptide bond
polypeptide
enzyme
substrate
products
lipids
fatty acids
glycerol
hydrophilic
hydrophobic
trigylceride
phospholipid
steroids
nucleic acids
RNA (Ribonuleic acid)
Nucleotides
Cellulose
Starch
Glucose
Glycogen
Saturated fats
Unsaturated fats
Chitin

Chapter 4
4-1
cell theory
cell
cell membrane
cell theory
eukaryote
nucleus
organelle
prokaryote
surface area/ volume ratio

4-2
cell wall
chloroplast
chromatin
chromosome
cilia
cytoplasm
cytoskeleton
cytosol
endolasmic reticulum
flagellum
fluid mosaic model
golgi apparatus
membrane proteins
lysosome
microfiliment
microtubule

mitochondrion
nucleus
nuclear envelope
nucleolus
plastid
ribosome
rough E.R.
selectively permeable membrane
smooth E.R.
spindle fiber
vacuole

Chapter 5
5-1
carrier protein
concentration gradient
contractile vacuole
cytolysis
diffusion
equilibrium
facilitated diffusion
hypertonic
hypotonic
ion channel
isotonic
osmosis
passive transport
plasmolysis
turgor pressure

5-2
active transport
endocytosis
exocytosis
phagocytosis
pinocytosis
sodium potassium pump
vesicle

Chapter 8
8-1
autosome
centromere
chromatid
diploid
haploid
histone
homologous chromosome
karyotype
nonhistone
sex chromosome

8-2
anaphase
binary fission
cell cycle
cell plate
centriole
centrosome
cleavage furrow
cytokinesis
G0 phase
G1 phase
G2 phase
interphase
kineochore
kinetochore fiber
meiosis
metaphase
mitosis
mitotic spindle
M phase
polar fiber
prophase
S phase
Spindle fiber
Telophase

8-3
asexual reproduction
crossing over
gamete
genetic recombination
independent assortment
oogenesis
polar body
sexual reproduction
spermatid
spermatogenesis
synapsis
tetrad

Chapter 9
9-1
allele
anther
cross-pollination
dominant
F1 generation
F2 generation
genetics
heredity
law of independent assortment
law of segregation
molecular genetics
P1 generation
pollination
pure breeding
recessive
self pollination
trait

9-2
codominance
complete dominance
dihybrid cross
genotype
genotypic ratio
heterozygous
homozygous
incomplete dominance
monohybrid cross
phenotype
phenotypic ratio
probability
Punnett square
Testcross
dominant
recessive
Be able to do crosses (use Punnett squares)
Be able to calculate probability

Chapter 10
10-1
adenine
Chargaff’s Rule
base pairing rule
cytosine
deoxyribose
DNA polymerase
double helix
guanine
helicase
mutation
nitrogen-containing base
purine
pyrimidine
replication
replication fork
thymine
Watson/Crick/Franklin

10-2
messenger RNA
promoter
ribose
ribosomal RNA
RNA polymerase
termination signal
transcription
transfer RNA
uracil

10-3
anticodon
codon
genetic code
protein synthesis
start codon
stop codon
translation

Chapter 12
12-2
blood type
multiple alleles
X-linked traits
Hemophilia
Color blindness
Sex chromosome
Polygenic traits